HIV and AIDS in humans

The terms HIV and AIDS in humans is considered as death when mentioned to many because they don’t understand it clearly. AIDS means Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome while HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which is the late stages of the AIDS infection. The HIV is referred to as retrovirus and there are two major kinds in the world. There is the HIV-1, this occurs from the cause of AIDS in eastern Africa.  More articles are in Business Training in Kenya .Then there is the HIV-2 which is the major cause of AIDS west in Africa. The causes that lead to the infection with the HIV and AIDS in humans are either due to behavioral, psychological or the physical factors. The main cause that is known to cause HIV and AIDS is behavioral. The changing times lead to change in the way of life thus change in behavioral change. The HIV-1 that is experienced in the eastern Africa is said to be caused by two main causes the psychical and behavioral changes although other causes are considered. In the western Africa all the factors are considered as the cause of the HIV-2.
As the term AIDS describe it HIV and AIDS in human is the deficiency of the ability of the immune system of the human to protect it. This immune deficiency is caused by the loss of the CD4+ T cells that are essential for the functioning of the immune system. In other terms when the CDA+ T cells are less in the body then the human body is prone to an illness and infections. The Immune System in Understanding HIV and AIDS in Human The immune system is composed of many interdependent cell types that collectively protect the body from bacterial, parasitic, fungal, viral infections and from the growth of tumor cells. Many of these cell types have specialized functions they can engulf bacteria, kill parasites or tumor cells, or kill viral-infected cells. Often, these cells depend on the T helper subset for activation signals in the form of secretions formally known as cytokines, lymphokines (or interleukins). In understanding HIV and AIDS in humansthe immune system other than the CD4+ T cells, it contains other kind of specialized cells in protecting the human body. One of the specialized cells that are also part of the immune system is the natural killer cells. In understanding HIV and AIDS the natural killer cell in the immune system are similar to the killer T cell subset, which is a CD8+ T cell. The reason they are referred to as killer cells is due to how the act in protecting the body from infection. They function as effectors cells that directly kill certain tumor such as melanomas lymphomas and viral infected cells. Then there are the B cells in the immune system in understanding HIV and AIDS in humans. The B cells are produced in the bone marrow. The B cells act by producing antibodies in response to foreign protein of bacteria, viruses and tumor cells. When the antigens are detected in the body bloodstream they transported to the spleen where the B cells are found, they become activated and produce large amount of antibody. The immune system also in understanding HIV and AIDS in human has the granulocyte in simple terms known as the white blood cells. These cells are predominantly important in removal of bacteria and parasites from the body. The granulocytes, which are produced in the bone marrow, are able to provide immunity by engulfing these foreign bodies and degrade them using their powerful enzymes. Also in the immune system are the macrophages, produced in the bone marrow. In understanding HIV and AIDS in humans the macrophages are important in the regulation of immune response. They are often referred to as antigen presenting cells (APC). This is because they pick up and ingest foreign material and then present these antigens to other cells of the immune system such as T cells and B cells that destroy them. Then there are the dendritic cells which are also produced in the bone marrow. They also function as the macrophages, antigen presenting cells, they engulf they antigens ingest them and then present them to the cells that destroy them. In fact the dendritic cells are more efficient antigen presenting cells than the macrophages in the immune system in understanding HIV and AIDS in humans. Further in understanding HIV and AIDS in human the immune system can respond to antigen in many different ways. These fall into two major categories:

• Antibody mediated immunity. Antibodies, dissolved in blood, lymph, and other body fluids bind the antigen and trigger a response to it. The form of immunity is also called humoral immunity.
• Cell mediated immunity (CMI). T cells and the lymphocytes bind to the surface of other cells that display the antigen and trigger a response. The response may involve other lymphocytes and any of the other white blood cells.

Other Factor in HIV and AIDS in Humans There are other factors that are associated with HIV and AIDS in human. One, are the sexually transmitted diseases, commonly known as STDs. The sexually transmitted diseases are known to affect the involved sex partners even the fetus and newborn infants. The sexually transmitted diseases are grouped into three categories. Category one are the sexually transmitted diseases that produce inflammation of the urethra, epididymis, cervix or oviduct. These diseases in this category are Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. As other factors in HIV and AIDS in human both diseases can be treated and cured with antibiotics once diagnosed. These diseases are common in the developing countries. Also in the sexually transmitted diseases as factors in HIV and AIDS in human, there is the second category and this category includes those that produce sores on the external genitals. Genital herpes is the most common disease in this class and it is known to be affecting more than 25 million individual in the developed countries. The symptoms of herpes can be treated by antiviral drugs, but the infection cannot be cured. Syphilis is a bacterially caused infection, and can, if left untreated, cause serious symptoms and death. However, the disease is curable with antibiotics. The other category in sexually transmitted diseases that are known to factor in HIV and AIDS in humans, include the viral diseases. This class of sexually transmitted diseases affects the organ systems other than those of the reproductive system. AIDS and Hepatitis B are categorized in this group. Both can be spread by sexual contact or blood transfusion, also from mother to child during child birth. Infectious individual may appear symptom free for a period of long time after infection, but as the diseases continue to manifest its self the individual become weaker and weaker then death follow. Ways to Cope with HIV and AIDS in Human Unlike microbial scourges, such as malaria, flu and tuberculosis among many others, for which there is very little that people can do to prevent infection, HIV and AIDS infection in adults is entirely preventable by behavior modification and taking measurable preventive measures. In coping with the so called deadly disease the HIV and AIDS is totally preventable using the introduced method of protection ABC. This is the Abstinence Being faithful to each other as partners and using of Contraceptives such as condom for prevention.